List of culinary fruits by climate
[edit] Temperate fruits
Fruits of temperate climates are almost always borne on trees or woody shrubs or lianas. They will not grow adequately in the tropics, as they need a period of cold (a chilling requirement) each year before they will flower. The apple, pear, cherry, and plum are the most widely grown and eaten, owing to their adaptability. Many other fruits are important regionally but do not figure prominently in commerce. Many sorts of small fruit on this list are gathered from the wild, just as they were in Neolithic times.
The pome fruits:
- Apple and crabapple (Malus)
- Chokeberry (Aronia)
- Hawthorn (Crataegus and Rhaphiolepis)
- Loquat (Eryobotrya japonica)
- Medlar (Mespilus germanica)
- Pear, European and Asian species (Pyrus)
- Quince (Cydonia oblonga and Chaenomeles)
- Rose hip, the fruitlike base of roses (Rosa); used mostly for jams and herbal teas
- Rowan (Sorbus)
- Service tree (Sorbus domestica), bears a fruit known as a sorb or sorb apple
- Serviceberry or Saskatoon (Amelanchier)
- Shipova (× Sorbopyrus auricularis)
The stone fruits, drupes of genus Prunus:
- Apricot (Prunus armeniaca or Armeniaca vulgaris)
- Cherry, sweet, black, sour, and wild species (Prunus avium, Prunus serotina, Prunus cerasus, and others)
- Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana)
- Greengage, a cultivar of the plum
- Peach (of the normal and white variety) and its variant the nectarine (Prunus persica)
- Plum, of which there are several domestic and wild species; dried plums are called prunes
- Hybrids of the preceding species, such as the pluot, aprium and peacotum
Berries. In non-technical usage, berry means any small fruit that can be eaten whole and lacks objectionable seeds. The bramble fruits, compound fruits of genus Rubus (blackberries), are some of the most popular pseudo-berries:
- Blackberry, of which there are many species and hybrids, such as dewberry, boysenberry, olallieberry, and tayberry (genus Rubus)
- Cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus)
- Loganberry (Rubus loganobaccus)
- Raspberry, several species (genus Rubus)
- Salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis)
- Thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus)
- Wineberry (Rubus phoenicolasius)
The true berries are dominated by the family Ericaceae, many of which are hardy in the subarctic:
- Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp.)
- Bilberry or whortleberry (Vaccinium spp.)
- Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.)
- Crowberry (Empetrum spp.)
- Cranberry (Vaccinium spp.)
- Falberry (Vaccinium spp.)
- Huckleberry (Vaccinium spp.)
- Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea)
- Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo), not to be confused with the Strawberry (Fragaria)
Other berries not in the Rosaceae or Ericaceae:
- Barberry (Berberis; Berberidaceae)
- Currant (Ribes spp.; Grossulariaceae), red, black, and white types
- Elderberry (Sambucus; Caprifoliaceae)
- Gooseberry (Ribes spp.; Grossulariaceae)
- Hackberry (Celtis spp.; Cannabaceae)
- Honeysuckle: the berries of some species (called honeyberries) are edible, others are poisonous (Lonicera spp.; Caprifoliaceae)
- Mulberry (Morus spp.; Moraceae) including:
- Mayapple (Podophyllum spp.; Berberidaceae)
- Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp.; Caprifoliaceae)
- Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium; Berberidaceae)
- Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides; Elaeagnaceae)
- Ugniberry (Ugni molinae; Myrtaceae)
- Wolfberry (''Lycium barbarum, Lycium spp.; Solanaceae)
Other Temperate fruits:
[edit] Mediterranean and subtropical fruits
Fruits in this category are not hardy to extreme cold, as the preceding temperate fruits are, yet tolerate some frost and may have a modest chilling requirement. Notable among these are natives of the Mediterranean:
- Black mulberry (Morus nigra; Moraceae)
- Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas; Cornaceae)
- Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera; Arecaceae)
- fig (Ficus spp. Moraceae)
- Grape, called raisin, sultana when it is dried. (Vitis spp.; Vitaceae)
- Jujube (Ziziphus zizyphus; Rhamnaceae)
- [[Weston Wood
Pomegranate]] (Punica granatum; Punicaceae)
- Sycamore fig (Ficus sycomorus. Moraceae) also called old world sycomore or just sycomore.
In the important genus Citrus (Rutaceae), some members are tropical, tolerating no frost. All common species of commerce are somewhat hardy:
- Blood Orange
- Citron (Citrus medica)
- Clementine ([[Citrus reticulata var. clementine]]),
- Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi)
- Kumquat (Fortunella spp.)
- Lemon (Citrus limon)
- Limes
- Key Lime (Citrus aurantifolia)
- Persian lime Also known as tahiti lime.
- Kaffir lime (Citrus hystix)
- Mandarin (Citrus reticulata)
- Naartjie (Citrus reticulata, Citrus nobilis)
- Orange, of which there are sweet (Citrus sinensis) and sour (Citrus aurantium) species
- Pomelo (also known as the shaddock) (Citrus maxima)
- Sweet Lemon (Citrus limetta)
- Tangerine, and similar
- Hybrids of the preceding species, such as the Orangelo, Tangelo, Rangpur (fruit) and Ugli fruit
- See also: List of Citrus fruits
Other subtropical fruits:
- Avocado (Persea americana; Lauraceae)
- Carob (Ceratonia siliqua; Fabaceae)
- Feijoa (Feijoa sellowiana; Myrtaceae)
- Guava (Psidium guajava; Myrtaceae)
- Longan (Dimocarpus longan; Sapindaceae)
- Lúcuma (Pouteria lucuma; Sapotaceae)
- Lychee (Litchi chinensis; Sapindaceae)
- Passion fruit or Grenadilla (Passiflora edulis and other Passiflora spp.; Passifloraceae) Galendar in some parts of east India (Darjeeling)
- Peanut (Arachis hypogaea; Fabaceae)
- Pond-apple (Annona glabra; Annonaceae) Also called Alligator-apple and Monkey-apple
- Strawberry guava (Psidium litorale; Myrtaceae)
- Tamarillo or Tree Tomato (Cyphomandra betacea; Solanaceae)
- Yangmei (Myrica rubra; Myricaceae) Also called Yumberry, Yamamomo, Chinese Bayberry, Japanese Bayberry, Red Bayberry, or Chinese strawberry tree
- Néré (Parkia biglobosa)
[edit] Tropical fruits
Tropical fruits grow on plants of all habitats. The only characteristic that they share is an intolerance of frost.
- Abiu (Pouteria caimito; Sapotaceae)
- Açaí (Euterpe oleracea; Arecaceae), or Assai
- Acerola (Malpighia glabra; Malpighiaceae), also called West Indian Cherry or Barbados Cherry
- Ackee (Blighia sapida or Cupania sapida; Sapindaceae)
- African cherry orange (Citropsis schweinfurthii; Rutaceae)
- Allspice (Pimenta dioica; Myrtaceae)
- Amazon Tree-Grape (Pourouma cecropiaefolia;Moraceae)
- Ambarella (Spondias cytherea; Anacardiaceae)
- Amra (Spondias pinnata; Anacardiaceae)
- Araza
- Atemoya (Annona cherimola X Annona squamosa; Annonaceae)
- Avocado (Persea americana; Lauraceae)
- Babaco (Carica pentagona; Caricaceae)
- Bacupari (Garcinia gardneriana)
- Bacuri (Platonia esculenta; Guttiferae)
- Bael (Aegle marmelos; Rutaceae)
- Banana (Musacea spp.; Musaceae); its starchy variant is the plantain
- Barbadine (granadilla; maracujá-açu in Portuguese)
- Barbados Cherry (Malpighia glabra L.; Malpighiaceae), also called Acerola, West Indian Cherry
- Betel Nut
- Bignay (Antidesma bunius; Euphorbiaceae)
- Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi; Oxalidaceae) Also called cucumber tree or tree sorrel
- Biriba (Rollinia deliciosa; Annonaceae)
- Bitter Gourd
- Black Sapote
- Bottle Gourd also known as Calabash (Lagenaria siceraria; Cucurbitaceae)
- Brazil Nut
- Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis; Moraceae)
- Breadnut (Artocarpus camansi; Moraceae)
- Breadnut, Mayan (Brosimum alicastrum; Moraceae)
- Burmese grape, or Latka (Baccaurea sapida; Phyllanthaceae)
- Caimito (Pouteria caimito; Sapotaceae)
- Calabash Tree (Crescentia cujete)
- Calamansi
- CamuCamu (Myrciaria dubia; Myrtaceae)
- Canistel (Pouteria campechiana; Sapotaceae), also called yellow sapote or "eggfruit"
- Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana; Solanaceae)
- Carambola (Averrhoa carambola; Oxalidaceae), also called star fruit or five fingers
- Caranda (Carissa carandas; Apocynaceae)
- Carob (Ceratonia siliqua; Leguminosae)
- Cashew (Anacardium occidentale; Anacardiaceae)
- Cassava (Manihot esculenta; Euphorbiaceae)
- Ceriman (Monstera deliciosa; Araceae)
- Chempedak or Champedak (Artocarpus integer; Moraceae)
- Ceylon Gooseberry (Dovyalis hebecarpa; Flacourtiaceae
- Chenet (guinep or ackee; pitomba-das-Guinas in Portuguese), also known as Spanish Lime or mamoncillo
- Cherimoya (Annona cherimola; Annonaceae)
- Cherry of the Rio Grande (Eugenia aggregata; Myrtaceae)
- Chili pepper
- Chinese Olive (Canarium album; Burseraceae)
- Caimito (caimite; related to the yellow abiu - egg fruit)
- Clove (Syzygium aromaticum; Myrtaceae)
- Cocoa (Theobroma cacao; Sterculiaceae)
- Cocoplum (Chrysobalanus icaco; [[Chrysobalanaceae])
- Coffea (Coffee arabica; Rubiaceae)
- Cupuaçu
- Custard Apple (Annona reticulata; Annonaceae), also called Bullock's Heart
- Damson plum (Chrysophyllum oliviforme; Sapotaceae), also called Satin Leaf
- Date (Phoenix dactylifera; Palmae
- Date Plum (Diospyros lotus; Ebenaceae)
- Dragonfruit (Hylocereus spp.; Cactaceae), also called pitaya
- Duku (Lansium domesticum; Meliaceae)
- Durian (Durio zibethicus; Bombacaceae)
- Elephant Apple (Dillenia indica; Dilleniaceae)
- Emblic (Phyllanthus emblica; Euphorbiaceae)
- Giant Ganadilla
- Golden Apple
- Guarana (Paullinia cupana; Sapindaceae)
- Guava
- Guavaberry or Rumberry; (Myrciaria floribunda; Myrtaceae)
- Hairless Rambutan
- Hog plum (taperebá in Portuguese)
- Horned melon (Cucumis metuliferus; Cucurbitaceae)
- Huito (Genipa americana; Rubiaceae); also called jagua, genipap, jenipapo
- Imbe (Garcinia livingstonei)
- Indian almond
- Indian fig
- Indian gooseberry
- Indian jujube
- Indian Prune (Flacourtia rukan; Flacourtiaceae)
- Jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora; Myrtaceae), also called Brazilian Grape Tree
- Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae), also called nangka
- Jambul (Syzygium cumini; Myrtaceae)
- Jatobá (Hymenae coubaril; Leguminosae) Caesalpinioideae)
- Jocote, also called Jamaica Plum
- Kandis (Garcinia forbesii; Clusiaceae)
- Keppel fruit (Stelechocarpus burakol; Annonaceae)
- Korlan
- Kumquat
- Kundong (Garcinia sp.; Clusiaceae)
- Lablab
- Langsat (Lansium domesticum), also called longkong or duku
- Lanzones (Lansium domesticum; Meliaceae)
- Lemon
- Leucaena
- Lime
- Longan
- Loquat
- Lucuma
- Lychee
- Mabolo (Diospyros discolor; Ebenaceae) also known as a velvet persimmon
- Macadamia, also known as a Queensland nut
- Mamey sapote (Pouteria sapota; Sapotaceae); also known as mamee apple; abricó in Portuguese
- Mamoncillo (Melicoccus bijugatus; Sapindaceae), also known as quenepa, genip or Fijian Longan
- Mandarin
- Manila tamarind (or Monkeypod, Pithecellobium dulce)
- Mango (Mangifera indica; Anacardiaceae)
- Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana; Clusiaceae)
- Marang (Artocarpus odoratissima; Moraceae), a breadfruit relative
- Melinjo
- Melon pear
- Monstera (Monstera deliciosa; Araceae) also called Swiss Cheese Plant, Split-leaf Philodendron
- Morinda
- Mountain soursop
- Mundu
- Mung bean
- Muskmelon
- Nance
- Naranjilla, Lulo (Solanum quitoense; Solanaceae)
- Nutmeg
- Neem
- Oil Palm
- Papaya (Carica papaya; Caricaceae)
- Peach palm
- Peanut butter fruit (Bunchosia argentea; Malpighiaceae)
- Pequi or Souari Nut (Caryocar brasiliense; Caryocaraceae)
- Pewa (peach palm; pupunha in Portuguese)
- Pigeon pea
- Pili nut
- Pineapple (Ananas comosus or Ananas sativas; Bromeliaceae)
- pitomba (Eugenia luschnathiana or Talisia esculenta)
- Plantain
- Poha or Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana; Solanaceae)
- Pois doux (Inga edulis, ice-cream bean, or inga-cipó in Portuguese)
- Pommecythère or pomcité (Spondias cytherea); also known as golden apple, June plum or Jew plum and ambarella, and as cajamanga in Portuguese
- Pommerac (Eugenia malaccensis); also known as Otaheite apple; Malay apple; jambo in Portuguese
- Pulasan
- Pummelo
- Pupunha or peach-palm (Bactris gasipaes; Palmae); also known as pewa
- Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum; Sapindaceae)
- Red Mombin (Spondias purpurea; Anacardiaceae)
- Riberry (Syzygium luehmannii; Myrtaceae), also called Lilly Pilly, Lillipilli, Chinese Apple
- Ridged gourd
- Safou (Dacryodes edulis), also called atanga or butterfruit
- Salak (Salacca edulis), also called snakefruit or cobrafruit
- Santol (Sandoricum koetjape; Meliaceae)
- Sapodilla (Achras/Manilkara zapota; Sapotaceae), also called chiku, mespel, naseberry, sapadilla, snake fruit, sawo
- Sea grape
- Soncoya (Annona diversifolia)
- Soursop (Annona muricata; Annonaceae), also called guanabana
- Soybean
- Star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito), also called caimito or caimite
- Strawberry guava
- Strawberry pear
- Sugar apple (Annona squamosa; Annonaceae); ata in Portuguese
- Summer squash
- Surinam Cherry (Eugenia uniflora; Myrtaceae) also called Brazilian Cherry, Cayenne Cherry, Pitanga
- Sweet granadilla
- Sweet orange
- Sweet pepper
- Sweetsop
- Rose apple (Syzygium jambos; Myrtaceae), also called Malay apple
- Tamarind (Tamarindus indica; Caesalpiniaceae)
- Vanilla
- Wampee (Clausena lansium)
- Water apple
- Watermelon
- Wax apple (Syzygium samarangense)
- Wax gourd
- White sapote
- Winged bean
[edit] List of culinary fruits by geographical origin
[edit] Fruits of African origin
Fruits native to Africa or of African Origin:
- Amatungulu (Carissa macrocarpa)
- Kiwano (Cucumis metuliferus)
- Marula (Sclerocarya birrea)
- Spiny Monkey-orange (Strychnos spinosa)
- Tamarind (Tamarindus indica)
[edit] Fruits of Asian origin
Fruits native to Asia or of Asian Origin:
- Arhat (Siraitia grosvenorii; Cucurbitaceae) Also called longevity fruit
- Batuan (Garcinia morella)
- Buddha's Hand
- Woodapple (Aegle marmelos) ,commonly known as bael, found in eastern India.
- Mango (Mangifera) ,tropical fruit of south Asia.
- Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica)
- Charichuelo (Garcinia intermedia)
- Cherapu (Garcinia prainiana)
- Chinese Quince (Pseudocydonia sinensis)
- Coconut (Cocos nucifera; Arecaceae)
- Che (Cudrania tricuspidata; Moraceae) Also called Cudrania, Chinese Mulberry, Cudrang, Mandarin Melon Berry, Silkworm Thorn, zhe
- Durian (Durio spp; Malvaceae)
- Gambooge (Garcinia gummi-gutta)
- Goumi (Elaeagnus multiflora ovata; Elaeagnaceae family)
- Jambul
- Hardy Kiwi (Actinidia arguta; Actinidiaceae family)
- Kiwifruit or Chinese gooseberry (Actinidia spp.; Actinidiaceae)
- Mock Strawberry or Indian Strawberry (Potentilla indica; Rosaceae)
- Garcinia dulcis (Mundu)
- Lanzones (Lansium domesticum; Meliaceae family)
- Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris Roxb. Anacardiaceae)
- Longan (Dimocarpus longan; Sapindaceae family)
- Lychee (Litchi chinensis; Sapindaceae family)
- Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana; Clusiaceae family)
- Marang
- Nungu (Borassus flabellifer; Arecaceae)
- Peach
- Persimmon (aka Sharon Fruit) (Diospyros kaki; Ebenaceae)
- Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum; Sapindaceae family)
- Rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum; Polygonaceae)
- Sageretia (Sageretia theezans; Rhamnaceae) Also called Mock Buckthorn
- Santol (fruit)
- Wild Mangosteen (Garcinia indica)
[edit] Fruits of Latin American origin
Fruits native to Latin America or of Latin American Origin:
- Açaí (Euterpe), a palm fruit native to the Amazon region.
- Avocado (Persea americana; Lauraceae)
- Boquila (Boquila trifoliata ; Lardizabalaceae)
- Calafate Barberry (Berberis; Berberidaceae)
- Keule (Gomortega keule; Gomortegaceae)
- Guarana (Paullinia cupana; Sapindaceae)
- Guava ("Psilium"; Myrtaceae)
- Lardizabala (Lardizabala biternata; Lardizabalaceae)
- Mamey ("Pouteria sapota"; Sapotaceae)
- Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis; Elaeocarpaceae)
- Papaya (Carica papaya; Caricaceae)
- Peumo (Cryptocarya alba; Lauraceae)
- Pineapple ("Ananas comosus"; Bromeliaceae)
- Sapote ("Casimiroa edulis"; Sapotaceae)
- Sea Grape (Coccoloba uvifera; Polygonaceae)
- Soursop ("Annona muricata"; Annonaceae)
- Tomato ("Solanum lycopersicum"; Solanaceae)
- Ugniberry (Ugni molinae; Myrtaceae)
[edit] Fruits of North American origin
Canada and the United States are home to a surprising number of edible plants, especially berries; however, only three are commercially grown/known on a global scale (grapes, cranberries, and blueberries.) Many of the fruits below are still eaten locally as they have been for centuries and others are generating renewed interest by eco-friendly gardeners (less need for bug control) and chefs of the region alike.
- American Chestnut (Castanea dentata; Fagaceae)
- American Black Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis; Adoxaceae)
- American grape: North American species (e.g., Vitis labrusca; Vitaceae) and American-European hybrids are grown where grape (Vitis vinifera) is not hardy and are used as rootstocks
- American Hazelnut (Corylus americana; Betulaceae)
- American Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum; Berberidaceae)
- American persimmon (Diospyros virginiana; Ebenaceae): Traditional for desserts and as dried fruit.
- American plum (Prunus americana; Rosaceae
- American Red Elderberry (Sambucus pubens; Adoxaceae)
- American Red Raspberry (Rubus strigosus; Rosaceae)
- Beach Plum (Prunus maritima; Rosaceae)
- Black cherry (Prunus serotina; Rosaceae very popular flavoring for pies, jams, and sweets.
- Black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis or Rubus leucodermis; Rosaceae)
- Black Walnut (Juglans nigra; Juglandaceae)
- Blueberry (Vaccinium, sect. Cyanococcus; Ericaceae)
- Buffaloberry (Shepherdia argenta; Elaeagnaceae), which grows wild in the prairies of Canada
- Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana; Rosaceae)
- Cocoplum (Chrysobalanus icaco; Chrysobalanaceae)
- Cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccus; Ericaceae)
- Eastern May Hawthorn (Crataegus aestivalis; Rosaceae, better known as mayhaw.)
- False-mastic (Sideroxylon foetidissimum; Sapotaceae)
- Florida strangler fig (Ficus aurea; Moraceae)
- Ground Plum (Astragalus crassicarpus; Fabaceae), also called Ground-plum milk-vetch
- Huckleberry (Gaylussacia, Vaccinium; Ericaceae)
- Maypop (Passiflora incarnata; Passifloracae, traditionally a summer treat.)
- Muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia; Vitaceae)
- Pawpaw (Asimina triloba; Annonaceae, not to be confused with Papaya (Carica papaya; Caricaceae), which is called pawpaw in some English dialects)
- Pecan (Carya illinoinensis or illinoensis; Juglandaceae)
- Prickly pear (Opuntia spp.; Cactaceae) used as both a fruit and vegetable depending on part of plant.
- Pigeon plum (Coccoloba diversifolia; Polygonaceae)
- Red mulberry (Morus rubra; Moraceae)
- Salal berry (Gaultheria shallon; Ericaceae)
- Salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis; Rosaceae)
- Saskatoonberry (Amelanchier alnifolia, Rosaceae
- Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens; Arecaceae)
- Southern Crabapple (Malus angustifolia; Rosaceae)
- Texas Persimmon (Diospyros texana; Ebenaceae)
- Thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus; Rosaceae)
- Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia; Rosaceae)
[edit] Fruits of Oceanian origin
Fruits native to Oceania or of Oceanian Origin:
- Atherton Raspberry (Rubus probus; Rosaceae)
- Black Apple (Planchonella australis; Sapotaceae)
- Blue tongue (Melastoma affine; Melastomataceae)
- Bolwarra (Eupomatia laurina; Eupomatiaceae)
- Broad-leaf Bramble (Rubus moluccanus; Rosaceae)
- Burdekin Plum (Pleiogynium timorense; Anacardiaceae)
- Bush tomato (Certain Solanum species; Solanaceae)
- Cedar Bay cherry (Eugenia carissoides; Myrtaceae)
- Cherry ballart (Exocarpus cupressiformis; Santalaceae)
- Cluster fig (Ficus racemosa; Moraceae)
- Cocky apple (Planchonia careya)
- Common apple-berry (Billardiera scandens; Pittosporaceae)
- Conkerberry (Carissa lanceolata; Apocynaceae)
- Davidson's plum (Davidsonia spp.; Cunoniaceae) Davidsonia jerseyana Davidsonia johnsonii Davidsonia pruriens
- Desert banana (Marsdenia australis)
- Desert fig (Ficus platypoda; Moraceae)
- Desert lime (Citrus glauca; Rutaceae)
- Dodder laurel (Cassytha melantha)
- Doubah (Marsdenia australis; Apocynaceae)
- Emu Apple (Owenia acidula; Meliaceae)
- Emu berry (Grewia retusifolia)
- Fibrous Satinash (Syzygium fibrosum; Myrtaceae)
- Finger Lime (Citrus australasica; Rutaceae)
- Illawarra Plum (Podocarpus elatus; Podocarpaceae)
- Kakadu lime (Citrus gracilis; Rutaceae)
- Kakadu plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana; Combretaceae)
- Karkalla (Carpobrotus rossii; Aizoaceae)
- Kutjera (Solanum centrale; Solanaceae)
- Lady apple (Syzygium suborbiculare; Myrtaceae)
- Lemon aspen (Acronychia acidula; Rutaceae)
- Lillypilly (Acmena spp., Syzygium spp.) Used raw and in jam
- Little gooseberry tree (Buchanania arborescens; Anacardiaceae)
- Midyim (Austromyrtus dulcis; Myrtaceae)
- Morinda citrifolia
- Mountain pepper (Tasmannia spp.; Winteraceae )
- Muntries (Kunzea pomifera; Myrtaceae)
- Native currant (Acrotriche depressa; Ericaceae)
- Native gooseberry (Physalis minima; Solanaceae)
- Native raspberry (Rubus parviflorus)
- Nonda plum (Parinari nonda)
- Pigface (Carpobrotus glaucescens; Aizoaceae)
- Pink-flowered Native Raspberry (Rubus parvifolius; Rosaceae)
- Purple apple-berry (Billarderia longiflora; Pittosporaceae)
- Quandong (Santalum acuminatum; Santalaceae)
- Queensland Ebony (Diospyros humilis)
- Riberry (Syzygium luehmannii; Myrtaceae)
- Rose-leaf Bramble (Rubus rosifolius; Rosaceae)
- Rose myrtle (Archirhodomyrtus beckleri; Myrtaceae)
- Sandpaper Fig (Ficus coronata; Moraceae)
- Small-leaf tamarind (Diploglottis campbellii; Sapindaceae)
- Snow berry (Gaultheria hispida; Ericaceae)
- Sweet apple-berry (Billarderia cymosa; Pittosporaceae)
- Tanjong (Mimusops elengi; Sapindaceae)
- White aspen (Acronychia oblongifolia; Rutaceae)
- Wild grape (Ampelocissus acetosa)
- Wild orange (Capparis mitchellii; Capparaceae)
- Wild peach (Terminalia carpentariae)
- Wild plum (munydjudj) (Buchanania obovata)
- Wild plum (Santalum lanceolatum)
- Wongi (Manilkara kaukii; Sapotaceae)
- Yellow plum (Ximenia americana; Olacaceae)
- Zig Zag Vine (Melodurum leichhardtii; Annonaceae)
[edit] List of culinary fruits by type of flora
[edit] Rosaceae family
The family Rosaceae dominates the temperate fruits, both in numbers and in importance. The pome fruits, stone fruits and brambles are fruits of plants in Rosaceae.
The pome fruits:
- Apple and crabapple (Malus)
- Chokeberry (Aronia)
- Hawthorn (Crataegus and Rhaphiolepis)
- Loquat (Eryobotrya japonica)
- Medlar (Mespilus germanica)
- Pear, European and Asian species (Pyrus)
- Quince (Cydonia oblonga and Chaenomeles)
- Rose hip, the fruitlike base of roses (Rosa); used mostly for jams and herbal tea
- Rowan (Sorbus)
- Service tree (Sorbus domestica), bears a fruit known as a sorb or sorb apple
- Serviceberry or Saskatoon (Amelanchier)
- Shipova (× Sorbopyrus auricularis)
The stone fruits, drupes of genus Prunus:
- Apricot (Prunus armeniaca or Armeniaca vulgaris)
- Cherry, sweet, black, sour, and wild species (Prunus avium, Prunus serotina, P. cerasus, and others)
- Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana)
- Greengage, a cultivar of the plum
- Peach (of the normal and white variety) and its variant the nectarine (Prunus persica)
- Plum, of which there are several domestic and wild species; dried plums are called prunes
- Hybrids of the preceding species, such as the pluot, aprium and peacotum
[edit] Berries
In non-technical usage, berry means any small fruit that can be eaten whole and lacks objectionable seeds. The bramble fruits, compound fruits of genus Rubus (blackberries), are some of the most popular pseudo-berries:
- Blackberry, of which there are many species and hybrids, such as dewberry, boysenberry, olallieberry, and tayberry (genus Rubus)
- Cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus)
- Loganberry (Rubus loganobaccus)
- Raspberry, several species (genus Rubus)
- Salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis)
- Thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus)
- Wineberry (Rubus phoenicolasius)
The true berries are dominated by the family Ericaceae, many of which are hardy in the subarctic:
- Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp.)
- Bilberry or whortleberry (Vaccinium spp.)
- Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.)
- Crowberry (Empetrum spp.)
- Cranberry (Vaccinium spp.)
- Falberry (Vaccinium spp.)
- Huckleberry (Vaccinium spp.)
- Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea)
- Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo), not to be confused with the Strawberry (Fragaria)
Other berries not in the Rosaceae or Ericaceae:
- Açaí (Euterpe), a palm fruit native to the Amazon region
- Barberry (Berberis; Berberidaceae)
- Currant (Ribes spp.; Grossulariaceae), red, black, and white types
- Elderberry (Sambucus; Caprifoliaceae)
- Gooseberry (Ribes spp.; Grossulariaceae)
- Hackberry (Celtis spp.; Cannabaceae)
- Honeysuckle: the berries of some species (called honeyberries) are edible, others are poisonous (Lonicera spp.; Caprifoliaceae)
- Mulberry (Morus spp.; Moraceae)
including:
- Red Mulberry (Morus rubra)
- White Mulberry (Morus alba)
- Mayapple (Podophyllum spp.; Berberidaceae)
- Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp.; Caprifoliaceae)
- Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium; Berberidaceae)
- Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides; Elaeagnaceae)
- Sea Grape (Coccoloba uvifera; Polygonaceae)
- Ugniberry (Ugni molinae; Myrtaceae)
- Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum, Lycium spp.; Solanaceae)
[edit] Cacti and other succulents
Several cacti yield edible fruits, which are important traditional foods for some Native American peoples:
- Cardón (Pachycereus pringlei; Cactaceae)
- Dragonfruit (Hylocereus undatus; Cactaceae), also called pitaya
- Prickly pear (Opuntia spp.; Cactaceae)
- Saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea; Cactaceae)
- Cereus peruvianus
- numerous other species of cacti
[edit] Podocarps
Podocarps are conifers in the family Podocarpaceae. The seed cones are highly modified and, in some, the seed is surrounded by fleshy scale tissue, resembling a drupe. These berry-like cone scales are eaten by birds which then disperse the seeds in their droppings and the cones can be eaten in many species. Podocarps are either half-hardy or frost tender, depending on species. Many genera are similar in that they have edible "fruits" and often don't have a common name.
- Kahikatea (Dacrycarpus dacrydioides)
- Manoao (Manoao colensoi)
- Nageia (Nageia spp.)
- Podocarpus (Podocarpus spp.)
- Prumnopitys (Prumnopitys spp.)
- Rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum)
- Tōtara (Podocarpus totara)
[edit] Herbaceous annuals fruits
[edit] Melons and other members of Cucurbitaceae family
Some exceptions to the statement that temperate fruits grow on woody perennials are:
- Gourd,
(usually regarded as vegetables in cuisine) including, but not limited
to:
- Butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata)
- Cushaw squash (Cucurbita mixta)
- Hubbard squash, Buttercup squash (Cucurbita maxima)
- Pumpkin, Acorn squash, Zucchini, Summer squash (Cucurbita pepo varieties)
- Horned melon (Cucumis metuliferus)
- Melon (Cucumis melo): cantaloupe, galia, and other muskmelons, honeydew
[edit] Accessory fruits
The accessory fruits, seed organs which are not botanically berries at all:
- Raisin tree (Hovenia dulcis, Rhamnaceae) Also called Japanese Raisin Tree
- Strawberry (Fragaria spp.; Rosaceae)
- Cashew apple
- Yew arils (Taxus spp.)
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
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